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Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG): towards a promising LLM architecture for legal work?

By Peter Johnston - Edited by Kusuma Raditya and Pantho Sayed
Posted on April 02, 2025
The above image is sourced from Wikimedia Commons. Generative artificial intelligence (AI)’s first encounter with the legal world was a catastrophe. After OpenAI released ChatGPT in Fall 2022 and the chatbot became the fastest adopted app in history, users all too quickly applied the chatbot to legal tasks for which it was poorly suited. Just six months after its launch, attorney Steven A. Schwartz filed a brief full of synthesized, hallucinated cases by ChatGPT. Schwartz later faced judicial sanctions for that filing. Chief Justice John Roberts even alluded to the incident in his 2023 report on the federal judiciary, calling the habit of submitting briefs citing non-existent cases “always a bad idea.” Yet Schwartz’s highly publicized castigation and Chief Justice...
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Reports
Apple AirTag Stalking Class Action Survives Motion to Dismiss

By Chloe Suzman – Edited by Pantho Sayed
Posted on April 04, 2024

Background

First Amended Class Action Complaint, Hughes v. Apple, Inc., No. 22-cv-07668-VC (N.D. Cal. October 6, 2023), complaint hosted by ArsTechnica. Order Partially Granting Motion to Dismiss, Hughes v. Apple, Inc., No. 22-cv-07668-VC (N.D. Cal. March 15, 2024), order hosted by Casetext. Order Partially Denying and Partially Granting the Motion to Dismiss, Hughes v. Apple, Inc., No. 22-cv-07668-VC (N.D. Cal...
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Reports Privacy
FCC Cracks Down on AI-Powered Robocalls

By Nivedha Soundappan – Edited by Pantho Sayed
Posted on February 23, 2024 On February 8, 2024, the Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) unanimously issued a Declaratory Ruling classifying artificial intelligence (“AI”)-generated voices in robocalls as “artificial or prerecorded voice[s]” under the Telephone Consumer Protection Act (“TCPA”). The ruling, which is already in effect, prohibits voice cloning technology used in common robocall scams targeting consumers. It also expands the causes of action state attorneys...
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Reports
The Federal Trade Commission on Generative AI

By Tyler Yoo – Edited by Judy Lo
Posted on November 29, 2023 Recent Federal Trade Commission (“FTC”) publications and pronouncements signal the FTC’s willingness to regulate AI-generated products. According to the FTC, lack of transparency about the use of copyrighted materials in AI-generated works and products may amount to consumer deception. The FTC indicated its stance on at least three occasions in the past four months. First, in an August 16, 202...
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Reports
Law Firms Leveraging AI: Maximizing Benefits and Addressing Challenges

By Logan Lathrop – Edited by Justin Curl & Joy Fan
Posted on November 20, 2023

Introduction

Generative AI is changing the legal landscape. The benefits of leveraging AI in legal work seem promising. The market is growing. More clients want lawyers to use AI tools, and, importantly, more lawyers are becoming open to using them. A recent survey found that 82% of lawyers think AI can be used for legal work, with 51% thinking AI...
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Reports
Under the Watchful, Unblinking Eye: Privacy Implications of the New York Police Department’s Deployment of Autonomous Robots

By Alinnah Qiao – Edited by Harshit Patel
Posted on November 10, 2023 In late September 2023, a 400-pound fully autonomous robot began patrolling New York City’s Times Square subway station. The robot, a “Knightscope K5” (“K5”), is part of New York City Mayor Eric Adams’ latest efforts to reduce crime—an issue that was at the center of his 2021 mayoral campaign. Since taking office in January 2022, Mayor Adams has pushed forward...
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Reports Privacy
United States v. Google: Antitrust Trial of Search Titan Showcases Two Potential Turning Points

By Levi Moneyhun – Edited by Edwin Farley
Posted on November 08, 2023

Background

Plaintiffs’ Pre-Trial Brief, United States v. Google, No. 1:20-cv-3010-APM (Dist. Ct. S.D.N.Y, Sep. 8, 2023), brief hosted by Department of Justice Defendant Google LLC’s Pre-Trial Brief, United States v. Google, Nos. 1:20-cv-3010-APM, 1:20-cv-3715-APM (Dist. Ct. S.D.N.Y, Sep. 8, 2023), brief hosted by Courtlistener. Memorandum Opinion (Summary Judgment), United States v. Google, Nos. 1:20-cv-3010-APM, 1:20-cv-03715-APM (Dist. Ct. S.D.N.Y, Aug. 4...
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Antitrust Reports Federal Circuit Comment
State-Level Consumer Data Privacy Laws Get the Ball Rolling, But On Their Own, Represent a Piecemeal Approach to Regulation

By Katie Mansfield - Edited by Carli Sley
Posted on October 25, 2023 Currently, U.S. federal privacy regulations have been narrow or sector-specific: take, for example, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act (GLBA), which protects financial information; or the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), which protects some health information. Absent a comprehensive federal framework, states have taken privacy legislation into their own hands. As of September 2023, eleven U.S. states have enacted comprehensive privacy...
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Reports Privacy
Typos and Magic Words: The Federal Circuit’s Recent Rulings in Apple’s and Netflix’s Inter Partes Review Challenges

By Heather Zhou – Edited by Edwin Farley
Posted on October 20, 2023 In two separate rulings involving Apple and Netflix, the Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (CAFC) held that the Patent Trial and Appeal Board (PTAB) acted in error in the two Inter Partes Review proceedings. In Apple Inc. v. Corephotonics, Ltd., the CAFC held that PTAB’s rejection of Apple’s attack on Corephotonics primarily based on a typo in Apple’s...
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Reports Federal Circuit Comment
Senate Leaders Propose New Bipartisan Framework for AI Regulation

By Varun Aggarwal – Edited by Chloe Suzman
Posted on October 12, 2023 On September 8, 2023, Senators Richard Blumenthal (D-CT) and Josh Hawley (R-MO), leaders of the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Privacy, Technology, and the Law, proposed a new framework for congressional regulation of AI. The Bipartisan Framework for U.S. AI Act defines five key policy considerations for future legislation, building on the SAFE Innovation Framework released by Senate Majority Leader Chuck...
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Reports
Approaches to Regulating Government Use of Facial Recognition Technology

By Carolina Rabinowicz - Edited by Pablo A. Lozano
Posted on May 04, 2023 Much has been said about the discriminatory nature of facial recognition technology (FRT): FRT exhibits racial bias, FRT misidentifies women at higher rates, FRT is discriminatory by design. As a result, particular attention has been paid to government use, particularly law enforcement use, of FRT. The U.S. government is a big buyer of FRT—it has awarded $76 million in FRT-related...
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Reports National Security Privacy
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